Life without electricity Essays

An existence without power Essays An existence without power Paper An existence without power Paper Exposition Topic: City Lights While the nineteenth century setting of these accounts is obvious, I don't accept that they make the tales unreasonably remote for the 21st century peruser. I accept that a significant number of the things that are perceptible about the accounts being in the nineteenth century essentially help add to the interest of the plot. For instance, when Minnie, the spouse if the bacteriologist, is pursuing her significant other down the road since she is horrified that he has no cap on. This careful dress sense would just not happen for someone strolling down the road in our current society, however I don't accept that it is too difficult to even think about recognizing that the Victorians were more mindful of their picture than us. This dress sense additionally encourages the story to be told adequately, as though it were not for his significant other pursuing him so as to update his clothing, the bacteriologist would have no one to disclose what had happened to, hence leaving the peruser confused and leaving the story with a to some degree unacceptable completion. Another inquiry that this entry brought up in my psyche was: If our clothing is continually downsizing, by the 23rd century, will nudism be the standard? It is begging to be proven wrong whether it is a positive or negative thing that I will presumably not be around to discover. Something else that is a recognizable token of the nineteenth century setting in which the two stories are set is the notice of canine trucks. By and by, I accept that the normal 21st century peruser of these accounts could decode that a canine truck is a vehicle, just in light of the fact that Holmes says it himself! This is shown when Holmes reasons that Helen has gone to his office by hound truck and claims that, there is no vehicle spare a canine truck which hurls mud in that manner. The distributer has understood that the nineteenth century setting may estrange the peruser, so have added a commentary to clarify what hound truck is. With basic guides, for example, this, I accept that even someone totally oblivious of the nineteenth century could comprehend what a canine truck is. Consequently, I don't acknowledge that this blocks the 21st century perusers if books, for example, these. Trains were clearly utilized in the nineteenth century too, as, in Doyles tale, Holmes derives that Helen accompanied the train. Genuinely, I don't accept transport 100 years back was that extraordinary, as, while ponies were utilized all the more generally, trains and other such techniques for transport were utilized then as well. One thing that I found alienated me a piece was the inflexible class arrangement of nineteenth and mid twentieth century Britain. This, I found, was shown very well by the taxi drivers vernacular and suggested emphasize. The taxi men of Wells tale are obviously set at a lower social standard than different characters. This is suggested no place better than in their vernacular, were their absence of training and poor utilization of language structure advise us that instruction was not necessary in those years: Aint he a-clawin out of the keb what a bloomin warbler it is! This unmistakably shows the accents of the taxi men watching this, and their poor utilization of language and syntax infers that they were not very well educated. The nation home of the Roylotts in Doyles epic is an enormous wellspring of observable contrasts from the 21st century. The way that the house has no radiators is a significant distinction; envisioning existence without effective warming is extremely hard for me to envision, as is existence without power, which was additionally not present in the nineteenth century. The way that no lights are available is likewise a decent marker of this: gas lights are regularly referenced in the Roylotts home. While it may be consistent with state that these things are less practical than their advanced partners, they don't have a genuine effect to the story, and many are similarly as viable as their cutting edge reciprocals; light from a light is equivalent to that from a light! This clearly doesn't make the story excessively remote, as the story is truly available to the 21st century crowd. In rundown, I don't accept that these accounts are either unimportant to the 21st century or excessively remote to those living in the 21st century peruser. I am persuaded that with a constrained creative mind, the tales a can undoubtedly be comprehended and even improved by the human brain. I accept that records, for example, these can even assist us with advancing into the future; I am a firm adherent that in this incredible future, we can not and, for sure, must not overlook our past, so dry your tears Id state. Records, for example, these accounts from an in any case difficult to reach past are all we have left, so as to comprehend what botches we should never make again, I reason that we should look to our past.

Management and People free essay sample

There are different methods of depicting the executives, so in this task the various meanings of the board would be examined and we would likewise perceive how the vast majority of the definitions are comparable, alongside their capacities. We ought to consider the board take a gander at why the board is important. We should perceive how the different perspectives on these administration scholars are comparative and furthermore on the off chance that they differentiate. The executives, as characterized, â€Å"is the movement of completing things the guide of individuals and different assets proficiently and adequately, it is an element of most human conditions; household, social and political, just as in officially settled organisations†(David Boddy, 2008, ps. 10). We individuals perform various exercises regular, for example, eating, drinking, playing and they are identified with the board and so on. As per Mary Parket Follet, â€Å"Management is the demonstration of completing things through individuals. So the board is a movement in light of the fact that an administrator achieves his errand or goal with the assistance of others and furthermore guides these individuals so as to acquire his target, so the executives accomplishes its destinations through individuals, so the board is very valuable to individuals. In the executives there are different exercises that are done. These incorporate enlightening exercises, decisional exercises and between close to home exercises and every one of these exercises are to be finished by a supervisor. The executives tries are done to energize singular exercises that will help achieve all objectives. In this manner, chiefs should consistently keep hierarchical objectives in thought. â€Å"Management is additionally the way toward arriving at hierarchical objectives by working with and through individuals and other authoritative resources†. (Samuel. c. Certo, eight releases, and p. s6) this definition is a remarkable like the initial two definitions. The two of them state that administration has to do with accomplishing its objectives through the guide of individuals and assets, that’s to state, that, each sort of human association requires the procedure of the board which assists with putting forth human day by day attempts beneficial. The executives is an all around known. It is likewise a broadly utilized term. It’s utilized in all associations; political, social or social association. Every one of these associations are engaged with the executives since the board helps and aides the different procedures required to accomplish a reason. It can likewise be said that â€Å"management is both an all inclusive human action and a particular occupation†. (David boddy, 2008, p. s9). The executives as a human movement happens when people choose to assume liability and put forth a valiant effort to organize the advancement and consequence of an action. At the point when individuals deal with their work, they assume liability of everything in that association and ensure that they accomplish their motivation and that it has a positive result, in this way â€Å"Management is a declaration of human organization, the limit effectively to shape and direct the world, instead of just respond to it†. (Hales, 2001, p. s2). The executives idea is all inclusive and extremely old. That’s why there are various perspectives communicated by authors and scholar about the idea of the board. Be that as it may, the persistent improvement of the board standards has changed the idea of the executives. The vast majority consider the executives as being just a craftsmanship however the board is additionally a science. it is the craft of making individuals more usable and dynamic than they would have being without it. As per Harold Knootz, â€Å"Management is the specialty of completing things through and with the guide of individuals in officially composed groups†. The board is viewed as a craftsmanship as opposed to a science principally on the grounds that the abilities of the board are to a greater degree an individual belonging and is instinctive. The executives is additionally a science in the feeling of how it is finished. Similarly as how science is an arranged group of information which depends on sufficient perception and discoveries and this discoveries apply securely in all circumstances. In this sense, the executives is a science as it has likewise built up some organized information, however the board isn't as precise in science as other physical sciences, for example, material science, science, science and so on yet similarly as different sciences, the executives has additionally built up specific laws and standards which are pertinent anyplace the endeavors of individuals are checked. The board is to a greater degree a sociology and not of only a science, it manages the individuals and it isn't so natural to foresee human conduct precisely. Along these lines, the board isn't only a craftsmanship; it has components of both workmanship and science. So it is both, a workmanship and science. The board is an arranged action. It is the association and co-appointment of the exercises of a business so as to accomplish explicit destinations. It is something that coordinates collective endeavors towards the achievement of certain pre decided objectives. It is the way toward working through others to adequately accomplish the objectives of the association, by effectively utilizing assets that are constrained in the evolving scene. Obviously, these objectives may shift starting with one endeavor then onto the next. The executives is regularly included as a factor of creation alongside machines, cash and materials. It is the administration which places these variables of creation into sensible use. In this way, it is one of the significant obligations of the executives; to make such condition which is helpful for most extreme endeavors with the goal that individuals would have the option to play out their undertaking productively and successfully. It incorporates guaranteeing the accessibility of crude materials, assurance of wages and pay rates, plan of rules amp; guidelines and so on. The executives is likewise a craft of making an inner situation, in which individuals can perform and people can likewise co-work with them so as to achieve a gathering of objectives. The board can be of various sizes, running from one individual to a little association with many individuals or likely it could likewise involve hundreds or thousands of administrators in a huge organization or worldwide organizations. As per Fw. Taylor, â€Å"Management is a specialty of comprehending what to do and see that it is done in the best and least expensive way†. This is in this way saying in the board you need to recognize what is intended to be done and to comprehend what ought to be done as well as ought to likewise have the option to do it productively. â€Å"The term the executives can likewise allude to the people who control and direct associations or to a lifelong committed to the assignment of managing and coordinating organisations†. (Samuel. C. Certo, eight versions, p. s6). As indicated by the board master, Peter Drucker (1909-2005), â€Å"The essential errand of the executives incorporates both showcasing and development. Development â€Å"Is the utilization of new innovative and market information to offer another item or administration that clients will want†. (Allan Afuah, second release, p. s4). Advancement is a piece of the executives in light of the fact that as characterized, it has to do with the utilization of new innovation and market information so as to deliver new items that would be attractive to clients. Hence with development, administrators can have the option to accomplish their objectives. The executives comprises of the interlocking capacities or exercises of making corporate arrangement and sorting out, arranging, controlling, and guiding an organisation’s assets so as to accomplish its necessary targets. The executives is the way toward providing a request to the exercises of arranging, impacting, controlling and sorting out that are performed to decide and achieve expressed goals with the utilization of individuals and different assets. What's more, this exercises or capacities are what make up the executives. They are additionally the key errands that are to be finished by a chief. The board is being characterized in an unexpected way, every administration scholars have their own view on the board and decipher it on their discoveries, for example, Henri Fayol, Harold koontz, Mary Parket Follet, Peter Drucker and Mintzberg. However, the board is significantly characterized as a specialty of completing things through individuals to accomplish a target. Harold Koontz and Mary Parket Follet had a similar view on this, the two of them characterized the executives as a specialty of completing things. While Henri Fayol and mintzberg sees are very comparative but at the same time are unique. The two of them depicted a manager’s work a similar way, as per Henri Fayol, â€Å"To oversee is to gauge and to design, to arrange, to order, to co-ordinate, and to control†. He sees the executives as far as its capacities, what directors need to do so as to accomplish their goals. Mintzberg likewise says that all together for a chief to have the option to accomplish his destinations, he must have the option to lead and impart well. Fayol and mintzberg’s hypothesis are just comparable as in there must be authority in the executives in other to accomplish their objectives, however there are still some additional aptitudes that can help with initiative. Mintzberg saw associations as a ‘open’ framework, so they would consider both the interior and outside components of the executives, while Fayol considered association to be a ‘close’ framework, he focused on the inner variables of the board. Taking everything into account, we can see that administration is a general wonder; it is notable and done where so ever people’s endeavors are co-ordinated. What's more, that administration supposedly is finished by chiefs and these directors ought to have the option to lead the individuals that are under them and ought to have the option to control, co-ordinate, order, and sort out others so as to accomplish their target.

Alan Guth and Day 1 on the Navajo Reservation

Alan Guth and Day 1 on the Navajo Reservation My first final exam at MIT was 8.012: Physics For Masochists, otherwise known as Physics I: Mechanics (Masochists, Mechanicsclose enough). I was a little jittery. I set three alarms that morning, and donned my most comfortable pair of sweatpants (Manchester United sweatpants, otherwise known as Best Football Team Ever sweatpants). Exams were passed out. My desk remained empty. I raised my hand. A proctor yelled BEGIN! I stood up and glanced around; no one around me had an exam, either. We shared a hall with a few other physics classes, and it looked like the entire 8.012 section had been left exam-less. Panic attack. I marched up to a group of proctors, and tapped one of them on the shoulder. He turned around, and some gears at the back of my mind began to turn; he looked strangely familiar. I ignored them, and explained that no one in the 8.012 section had an exam. Proctor (smiling): 8.012? Are you sure youre in the right place? Me: Proctor: Is 8.012 even in this building? Me (bristling): Um, yes. 8.012 is DEFINITELY in this building, and we DEFINITELY do not have exams. Proctor: Ohokay. Well sort it out. He turned to the other proctors. I took ten steps in the direction of my seat, and then froze as the gears in my head clicked into place. I freaked out, and grabbed the girl next to me; a shout-out to Sophie ’14, friend and dorm-mate. I’m sorry if I scared you. Me: SOPHIE! DO YOU KNOW WHO THAT WAS? Sophie: What? Me: THAT PROCTOR! DO YOU REALIZE WHO THAT WAS? Sophie: Uhno? Should I? Me: THAT WAS ALAN GUTH. OH MY GOSH THAT WAS ALAN GUTH. Alan Guth (scroll down to the bottom). Also known as the father of inflationary universe theory and, apparently, a professor at MIT. Woah. He was there because hes a recitation instructor for 8.033 General Relativity who had their exam in the same hall. He also, I found out, is a recitation instructor for 8.286 The Early Universe which is pretty mind-blowing, since we owe much of our theories on the early universe to him. If that didn’t blow your mind, maybe this will: I am currently living on a Navajo reservation, forty miles from the nearest grocery store. There’s a gas station, two schools, and a cluster of houses occupied by teachers…and that’s it. It looks like this in every direction I’ll be here for the next four weeks â€" for IAP, which you read about in a recent post by Hamsika as part of MITs Four Weeks For America Challenge. The high school Im working at is 100% Navajo, and has a graduation rate of 27.6%. The teacher I’m paired up with teaches math, and her roommate teaches English; I’ll be helping both of them out over the next few weeks. She told me that the kids are currently busy chopping wood to prepare for the winter, and that about half…live in hogans and/or house/trailers without electricity and running water. In case you dont know, this is a hogan: Is your mind blown yet? It’s a completely different world. This afternoon, my host and I took a walk around the area, to clear our heads and get some exercise. I was horrified at how quickly I became out of breath, until I found out that we’re about 7,000 feet above sea level. The fact that we were almost knee-deep in snow made it even more of an adventure; at night, the temperature here drops to below zero (Fahrenheit!). I don’t know about you, but when I think “New Mexico”, “Arctic tundra” doesn’t immediately come to mind. Did not expect this. Since today was my first day at school, I don’t have much to report about the students or about the work that I’ve been doing, but you can expect to hear plenty more from me in the next couple of weeks :) A final note: the house I’m staying in has this sign by the front door, which I thought I would share… She believed she could so she did. And here’s a beautiful New Mexico sunset. Happy New Year!

Cure of the Streets - 540 Words

Rap was born in the 1970s as a need of African Americans, who were living in impoverished and crime-infested neighborhoods, to express the issues that they were facing. It was â€Å"a genuine reflection of the hopes, concerns, and aspirations of urban Black youth in the last quarter of the 20th century† (Powell 245). However, rap did not stay limited to African Americans. Its popularity expanded rapidly among the minorities because the problems which they were facing were the same. These problems were â€Å"a lack of access to justice, health care, voting rights, employment, and other everyday privileges of citizenship† (Price 2). Having come out of this environment, while serving as an alternative to the streets, hip hop positively uplifts the cultural barriers within the society and educates the youth. This paper argues this important topic, because in contrast to the common belief that rap is harmful to the society, it has many benefits to our youth, and its benefits socially and educationally improves our society. Since the beginning of the 1990s, when East Coast-West Coast rivalry was becoming intense and ended up with the death of two of the greatest hip hop artists, Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G, rap’s influence on our society has been argued. Many claim that rap negatively effects the education of the youth. However, the studies which claim this thesis are not taking the impacts of external factors such as peer groups, other media sources, and family education into account.Show MoreRelatedCure of the Streets757 Words   |  3 PagesThe poet Rainer Maria Rilke says that a work of art is good if it has sprung from necessity† (Farley). Hip Hop was born on the poor and dangerous streets of the USA. Minorities such as African-Americans and Hispanics dominated these streets, and they felt the need to address their long-standing common issues. Therefore, a new form of art, hip hop was born, and became the method of self-expression for these minorities. Lyrics have presented what they have been through. While rap has turned from aRead MoreThe Violence Throughout American Culture858 Words   |  4 Pagesthe model of Cure Violence. UIC’s epidemiologist Gary Slutkin established the non-profit organization. His approach was to stop the spread of violence in communities with high levels of violent behavior. His methods and strategies are based with disease control-detecting conflicts, identifying high risk in areas, treating high risk in individuals, and changing the social norms of a community. This model has become popular and is being used in various places other than Chicago. The Cure Violence modelRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless People1278 Words   |  6 Pagestreat someone with disrespect for. Even if a person is homeless and it is there fault, they still deserve respect and help to get them on their feet, no one has any idea of what they could turn out to be. They could turn out to be the one to find a cure for cancer. Who knows! â€Å"In 2015, we do not have a homeless crisis. We have a housing crisis. Los Angeles County needs 527,722 additional affordable rental units to meet the housing needs of the many homeless, it’s the big cities the bigs states thatRead MoreEssay on Street Smarts versus Book Smarts706 Words   |  3 Pagespaying job, you need both â€Å"street smarts† and â€Å"book smarts.† The combination of practical knowledge and explicit knowledge is the key to a successful career. Both types of knowledge have distinct advantages. They have both used their experiences in life to achieve their goals. For example, if a street smart mart person had a severe cough they would ask friends, family about how they could make the cough better. Book smart person would check or search internet to find the cure. They are both determineRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague1714 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Some victims reportedly went to bed healthy and died in their sleep† (Gale). This terrible epidemic is known all over the world for it’s deadly and unique characteristics. The diffusion, history, and cure are just a couple universal aspects that contribute to the well known, yet unforgiving disease known as the Bubonic Plague. The Bubonic Plague diffused to many people during its time of dominance. To start, the Bubonic Plague is transmitted to other living organisms in a distinct way. The plagueRead MoreLu Xun’s Medicine Essay examples823 Words   |  4 Pagestuberculosis. In the story you can tell that his family tries everything to cure him, they event tried the â€Å"guarantied cure† which is a mantou (roll) that is covered with the blood that was from someone how has been executed. Little bolt ate the mantou (roll), but it seemed like it had no effect on him but his parents still had high hopes, eventually he ended up dyeing from tuberculosis. I believe that the mantou (roll) didn’t cure Little Bolt because the blood on the mantou (roll) was from a boy whoRead MoreWas Public Health Better in the Roman Era or the Middle Ages?613 Words   |  3 Pagesplanned and built than those in the Middle Ages, which often placed wells and sources of drinking and bathing water in close proximity to cesspits and sewers, which led to infected water and cholera and typhoid outbreaks. Furthermore, many Medieval streets were filled with filth, such as animal carcasses, human and animal excrement, waste from butchers and tanners, and many more sources of disease, as bacteria could grow freely and infect people very easily. As well as this, there were also very poorRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1128 Words   |  5 Pagesheroin, cocaine, and meth is consi dered and tested to be the least dangerous of all those drugs. Marijuana is also a nonaddictive drug and nonlethal meaning no matter how much THC you put in your body you will never overdose. We can band a drug that cures medical problems, no overdoses and is nonaddictive, but continue to advertise alcohol that kills 6 Americans daily from alcohol poisoning. Continue to have commercials on cigarettes that have on average 480,000 deaths per year. Also, cigarettesRead MoreRyan Hoffm A College Football Player Essay926 Words   |  4 Pageslose the ability to have strong thinking skills. By losing the ability of having strong thinking skills, Hoffman lost his dream of becoming a N.F.L player. He became aggressive and lost self-control, which caused him to him to eventually live on the streets. His family took him to several psychologists, but he never went back after the first visit because he did not want to find out the truth about his illness. Ryan Hoffman wants to be independent and improve his lifestyle, but he does not have the initiativeRead MoreThe Problem Of Gangs And Violence995 Words   |  4 Pageslaunched a ‘cure violence’ program to help prevent the violence, and this program is managed by the Chicago Project. The social problem this community intervention is trying to remedy is to lower down the cases of shooting and killings on the streets. As it could be challenging to cha nge the individuals’ behaviors within a short period of time, this program focuses on developing protecting services towards the population that may have an immediate danger within the near future. The Cure violence paid

Essay about The Once and Future King - 1411 Words

The Once and Future King, or King Arthur, is a legend that is, despite its age, known by all. Everyone has heard of King Arthur and his loyal knights that make up the Round Table, but the rest of the famous legend is less known. If asked about Arthur’s parentage or birthplace, most people would not know. How many people can name off Arthur’s knights? Everyone knows Arthur’s name, but the details are less defined. Arthurian legend has many parts, the first being how Arthur came into being, then the most well-known part of the legend, but there is also his famous knights, the possibility of a historical Arthur, and how the legend has evolved over the ages. One thing that is unique about the Arthurian legend is that it has a story to set†¦show more content†¦The most widely accepted myth says that Arthur wins acknowledgement as king by pulling a sword from a stone, after which Merlin reveals Arthur’s true parentage. Despite his young age, Arthur prov es to be an able warrior and a noble king and manages to push the Saxon invaders out of Britain. Arthur possessed the sword Excalibur, which was given to him by the inscrutable Lady of the Lake. Arthur surrounded himself with loyal followers that became known as the Knights of the Round Table. Like every good legend, Arthur had a nemesis, his sister Morgan le Fay. Morgan le Fay is usually an evil sorceress who spends her time attempting to steal Arthur’s throne for her and her lover. Mordred, or Modred, is another enemy of Arthur’s. Mordred is either Arthur’s son or nephew by his sister Morgawse. Mordred seizes Arthur’s throne whilst he is away and in ultimately slain by Arthur, but not before fatally wounding the king. Arthur is then said to have retreated to Avalon, where he waits to once again take his place as king, earning him the title the Once and Future King. Arthur’s knights were his most trusted friends and family, but ironically, he is b etrayed by the best of them. The most reputed of Arthur’s knights are Sir Lancelot and Sir Tristram. Sir Lancelot was the leader of the Knights of the Round Table and Arthur’s most trusted friend, but he was involved in an illicit love affair. This affair was with Arthur’sShow MoreRelatedEssay on Once and Future King963 Words   |  4 Pages Once and Future King Experience is Everything nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the book, The Once and Future King, T.H. White shows the importance that education relies heavily upon ones own personal experiences. When Merlyn is called on to tutor Wart, an adopted child, he uses this exact learning method on Wart. Merlyn, who is a magician, uses transformation as a his learning tool. Merlyn turns Wart into different animals to show Wart lessons of life. Through each transformation Wart experiencesRead More The Once And Future King - Mig Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pages The Once and Future King The legend of King Arthur is a tale as timeless as any other found in literature today. Introduced to us by Sir Thomas Malory during the fifteenth century in Morte d Arthur, it was the first complete tale of Arthurs life. Countless portrayals followed for any reader interested in the tale of the boy who was destined to become King. The Once and Future King by T.H. White is certainly the most popular representation of the immortal legend of King Arthur. It is similar toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Once And Future King 1382 Words   |  6 PagesNathan Jarm Fourth hour December 16, 2016 T. H. White s The Once and Future King is one of the unique portrayals of the legend of King Arthur. White puts a twist on the epic saga of King Arthur, from his childhood education and experiences, up to his death. There has been other novels of Arthur s life, In the fifteenth century, Thomas Malory wrote le Morte d Arthur, the first complete tale of Arthur s life. Along with the other novels. Nothing compares to Whites twist on theRead More The Once and Future King Guenever Essay892 Words   |  4 Pages The Once and Future King Description of Guenever nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Guenever is one whose personality and appearance fluctuates often during the course of her life. The facts that she fell in love with someone other than her husband and that she never bore a child contributes greatly to these abrupt and drastic changes. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The description of Guenever as a young wife is one with deep, clear blue eyes, which almost beheld a sort of fearlessness which was startlingRead MoreThe Once And Future King s Lasting Lessons Essay2364 Words   |  10 Pages Period 5 28 September 2016 The Once and Future King’s Lasting Lessons In times of crisis, people must rely on their morals and wisdom to come to a solution. Often times, people do not have enough knowledge stored in their minds to make a wise decision. However, if people would read between the lines of books, they would come to the realization that there are many life lessons to learn from the wise words of authors. Throughout the novel The Once and Future King, three major themes are presentedRead More The Once And Future King - Arthurs Failure Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pageseccentric necromancer with a weakness for humanity. Justice had been his last attempt-to do nothing which was not just. But it had ended in failurequot; (White, OAFK 634). The quot;hequot; in this passage refers to King Arthur, the main character in T.H. Whites The Once and Future King and Book of Merlyn, who failed in his attempt to unite England due to the mistakes made by him and those close to him. Arthur, betrayed by those close to him, not properly educated on the greedy, selfish, and violentRead MoreThe Once and Future King - Arthurs Failure Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesthinking by an eccentric necromancer with a weakness for humanity. Justice had been his last attempt-to do nothing which was not just. But it had ended in failure (White, OAFK 634). The he in this passage refers to King Arthur, the main character in T.H. Whites The Once and Future King and Book of Merlyn, who failed in his attempt to unite England due to the mistakes made by him and those close to him. Arthur, betrayed by those close to him, not properly educated on the greedy, selfish, and violentRead MoreSatire and Tone in The Once and Future King Essay470 Words   |  2 PagesThere is a direct link in Book I and Book IV of the Once and Future King from the animation and adventure that Wart experiences to the fall of King Arthur’s reign. The shift is long and detailed but in the end everything t ies together. Although at points the plot is grim, White throws in a little bit of satire throughout every book, for example in Book II when the Orkney environment is harsh but then it is contradicted by the behavior of Sir Pellinore, Sir Grummore, and Sir Palomides. In BookRead MoreMerlin From Le Morte DArthur And The Once And Future King1092 Words   |  5 Pagesabnormal abilities to protect and give advice. Merlyn from from The Once and Future King is also a supernatural aid who uses his anomalistic abilities to protect and give advice, but he directly helps the hero. Both stories involve supernatural aids, but each help the hero in a contradistinctive way. Although Merlin appears as Arthur’s metaphysical aid in both Le Morte D’Arthur and The Once and Future King, Merlin in The Once and Future King is a better supernatural aid, according to Campbell’s theory.Read MoreCompare And Contrast Beowulf And King Arthur901 Words   |  4 Pagesheroes possess influ ence their own lives and those of the people around them, specifically like the heroes in the epic â€Å"Beowulf† and the novel The Once and Future King. Each trait that Arthur and Beowulf possessed impacted major events in their lives, such as defeating Grendel in â€Å"Beowulf† or removing Excalibur from the stone in The Once and Future King. In both literary pieces, Arthur and Beowulf embark on quests in order to save their people. For both heroes, the effects of their actions differed

Abiotic Factors Affecting Organisms †revision notes Free Essays

Light Light intensity can be measured both physically measured for example with a LICOR light meter or a QSL (quantum scalar irradiance) meter. Luminous intensity can be measured subjectively measured with eg. a foot-candle meter, a type of photographic exposure meter. We will write a custom essay sample on Abiotic Factors Affecting Organisms – revision notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Intensity-watts rn-2 or einsteins m-2sec-1 Luminosity Units include candles, lumens, footcandles and lux. Temperature Temperature is measured using a thermometer. It’s also a measure of how fast the atoms and molecules of a substance are moving. The units of measure are degrees on the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. Humidity Hygrometers may be designed for indoor or outdoor use (or both). Analog hygrometers use a moisture-sensitive material that is attached to a coil spring. The spring controls a needle on an easy-to-read circular dial. Analog hygrometers are often part of a durable, weather-resistant device that also includes a thermometer. Digital hygrometers determine the relative humidity by using a sensor to monitor an electric current that is affected by moisture levels. Relative humidity, expressed as a percent. Salinity Salinity is often measured by measuring how well electricity travels through the water. This property of water is called conductivity. Water that has dissolved salt in it will conduct electricity better than water with no dissolved salt.Handheld Refractometer /Hydrometer /Conductivity Meter expressed in parts per million(ppm) O2 concentration Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for monitoring a person’s O2 saturation. Or Gas sensor used. pO2 CO2 concentration Use a sensor connected to a PC via an arduino board. pCO2 Wind Wind speed is now commonly measured with an anemometer but can also be classified using the older Beaufort scale which is based on people’s observation of specifically definedwind effects. Knot Factor– Light Light is important to both animals and plants as it is the main source of living organisms energy on earth. It takes part in photosynthesis which provides energy to both animals and plants, required for growth, movement and survival. Plants need to grow to be used as a food source for animals. Light is also important for animals vision, without light we would not be able to see which would hamper movement and many senses. Humans also required sunlight for vitamin D. Light is also needed for warmth. Factor– Temperature Temperature is a major determining factor of global climate patterns. It affects the life cycles of plants and animals, influences weather and tides, and controls the freeze and thaw of the polar ice caps. A small change in average temperature can have powerful effects on the environment worldwide and can determine if a certain species has a suitable habitat for survival. Temperature also affects the rate of important reactions, it effects enzymes and many other chemicals and their efficiency. Factor-Humidity Humidity drives most of the observable weather phenomena starting with clouds via fog, rain to storms and finally to such dramatic weather phenomena as hurricanes. It is not possible to forecast the weather exactly without precise knowledge of humidity in all the layers of the atmosphere. Humidity affects chemical reactions, the environment of animals and plants. Factor– Salinity Ocean salinity plays key roles in the global hydrological cycle, ocean circulation and in regulating Earth’s climate. Today’s scientists know that Earth’s water cycle is dominated by exchanges between the ocean and atmosphere, with sea surface salinity (SSS) varying because of freshwater input and output, via the processes of evaporation and precipitation. Factor– O2 Concentration plant cells need oxygen to live, because without oxygen they can’t perform aerobic respiration to produce co2 (respiration is the process of breaking down food to get energy). Similarly animals need o2 to respire and live, breath and produce energy. O2 concentration also effects habitats as different species require different levels of o2. Factor– CO2 Concentration Without CO2 the life of photosynthetic organisms and animals would be impossible, given that CO2 provides the basis for the synthesis of organic compounds that provide nutrients for plants and animals. We also know CO2 is toxic to humans therefore affects their health. However plants need co2 for energy. Factor-Wind Wind effects seed dispersal and aids the production of pollen needed for pollination which is important because it leads to the production of fruits we can eat, and seeds that will create more plants. Wind also effects the moisture surrounding guard cells and the gas and water exchange in plants and animals. How to cite Abiotic Factors Affecting Organisms – revision notes, Papers

Happiness Function Morality and Virtue Essay Example For Students

Happiness Function Morality and Virtue Essay Happiness, Function, Morality, and VirtueAristotle argues that happiness, function and morality are closely connected and that virtue is dependent upon all of them. To fully comprehend Aristotle’s theory, we must first examine each of these qualities and then determine how they are related to one another. The deliberation process will show that all of these qualities can be strongly connected, but not exclusively. Happiness, function, morality and virtue can exist independent of one another. The first deliberation is to define happiness. Happiness is the highest of all practical goods identified with â€Å" living well of doing well†(100). According to Aristotle, Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim. But a certain difference is found among ends (99). An example of this reflection would be the final product created by an architect. This individual completed building a structure from start to finish and has reached the end of the project. The architect is pleased by the results of what she created. The architect achieved the desired outcome and is therefore happy. A difference between the actual end and the desired outcome is what makes happiness different for each individual. All ends do not lead to happiness. For example, finishing a painting makes the artist happy but not the autoworker whose preferred end is making vehicles. The fact that not all human beings share the same ends proves that happiness is found at different ends. Aristotle illustrates happiness as being the â€Å"chief good†. In the following quote he explains that rational human beings take happiness for itself and never for any other reasons: Since there are evidently more than one end, and we choose some of these†¦for the sake of something else, cl early not all ends are final ends; but the chief good is evidently something final. (103). By this definition, happiness must be only the final end, which is the â€Å"chief good† (103). This means that happiness is the pursuit of all that which is desired, and the desire is to reach the final end. If the end is final it becomes the â€Å"chief good† (103). In Aristotle’s own words he says, â€Å"Happiness, then, is something final and self-sufficient, and is the end of action†(103). To say that happiness is the only chief good is not completely true. If happiness is the only chief good than what is our function as human beings?Aristotle associates functioning well with happiness and happiness is the final result. He says that the function of human being is, â€Å"†¦an activity of soul which follows or implies a rational principle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (103). Human beings must have the ability to exercise their capacity to reason in order to function well. Reasoning is the key factor in making decisions. Human beings use reasoning to decide what ch oices to make in life. The outcome of the choices humans make is what creates desire. As a result, desires are what determine the â€Å"chief good† (103). If the chief good is happiness, than the function of human beings and reasoning must also be happiness. One will stay on the path towards happiness if reasoning is used as a function of life. Having virtue is an essential part of the equation that sustains happiness and the ability to function well. Rather than taking detours down paths of deficiency and excessiveness, one may use reasoning to become a virtuous person. By staying committed to the path toward happiness, one is considered virtuous. Aristotle claims that the, â€Å"virtue of man also will be the state of character which makes a man good and which makes him do his own work well†(111). If the above statement is true than only virtuous human beings are happy and if they are happy than they must also be functioning well. .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 , .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .postImageUrl , .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 , .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571:hover , .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571:visited , .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571:active { border:0!important; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571:active , .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571 .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53cd03cdc73b33cd949e7de182f38571:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Geographical Information System EssayAristotle then divides virtue into two separate areas: intellectual virtue and moral virtue. He says that moral virtue is the result of â€Å"habit†(108). If moral virtue is â€Å"habit†(108), it cannot be â€Å"nature†(109). Let us bring this to a deeper level. Gravity by nature pulls everything to the earth’s surface at a fixed rate. This rate can never be changed by the habit of something else. For example, no matter how many times running water is diverted from its original path to the lowest point, the laws of physics will always prevail. The running water will once again find its path to the lowest poin t. This proves that any sort of habit cannot change nature. However, intellectual virtue comes from what is taught and learned throughout life by habit. Aristotle’s example of intellectual virtue is made clear when he says, â€Å"†¦legislators make the citizens good by forming habits in them, and this is the wish of every legislator, and those who do not effect it miss their mark, and it is in this that a good constitution differs from a bad one† (109). If virtue is the state of character, than the state of character defined by Aristotle is, â€Å"what makes a man good and which makes him do his own work well† (111). If it is true that virtue gives people a choice, than Aristotle is correct when he states without doubt that we as human beings could, â€Å"†¦take more, less, or an equal amount†(112). If a person chooses to stay within the mean than they are â€Å"intermediate† or equal. If they choose to â€Å"take more† than they are excessive. Finally, if they choose to take â€Å"less† then they are deficient (112). Therefore, happiness and virtue are in-between excess and deficiency. For example, if one is excessive in the characteristic of courage than others might view them as being afraid of nothing. If an individual is afraid of nothing than they cannot be happy. People do not always admire absolute courage. There is a time and place for courage. The same can be said for those people who are deficient or lacking courage. In other words, happiness is being intermediate. Aristotle has some good points when he speaks about the concepts of happiness, but his thoughts also imply that happiness, function, morality and virtue are all tied together as if they are inseparable. He states that happiness is the aim of the â€Å"chief good†. Function is the ability to reason, morality is knowledge gained through habit of what is right or wrong and virtue is a state of mind of that which is intermediate. The way Aristotle ties these separate elements together is remarkable and in a perfect world his theory would probably be true. The only down fall to his hypothesis is that this world in which we live is not a perfect one. Even Aristotle says that the â€Å"chief good† is the â€Å"final end†(100). If this is so, than life cannot be considered happy until it ceases to exist. The ability to reason is not the only purpose of human existence. The main function of human beings is instead the ability to survive with the advantage of being able to reason. Morality is the distinction between what is right and wrong and this distinction is dependent on the individual and the situation. Virtue includes all characteristics that have merit and that are held in high regard. This deliberation with Aristotle’s theory has proven that happiness, function, morality and virtue are tied to one another in a perfect world. These four elements are also inter-mingled in our non-perfect world, but only under certain circumstances. This is because every human being has their own perception of what represents happiness, function, morality and virtue. Finally, Aristotle says that virtue is being intermediate, but how realistic is it to believe that virtue can only exist for those who always stay with-in the mean? Just as we don’t have a perfect world, there is no perfect human being either. .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac , .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .postImageUrl , .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac , .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac:hover , .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac:visited , .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac:active { border:0!important; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac:active , .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua40e0b42fc40e93b890fbfe41ad693ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Radiology best flashBibliography:Work CitedNewberry, Paul A. Theories of Ethics. Mayfield Publishing Company: California, 1999. Nicomachean Ethics. 2000. Online. Internet. 22 Feb.1994-1998. Available:http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.1.i.html

An Unforgettable Camping Experience Essay Example

An Unforgettable Camping Experience Essay I couldn’t believe the day had finally come. My friends and I had been talking about it for what seemed like months. Every year our class 5B takes a trip to the Sahara Campgrounds. As soon as you see the entrance sign, a sudden tingling feeling bubbles through your body knowing a few days of relaxing from school work is about to start. On a sunny day in July of 2009, our class got into the bus and headed to our campground. I sat comfortably in between my best friends Rona and Tamara, while Nadia and Karin sat at the very back of the bus and behind them sat my younger cousins Sarah and Salam. It was a little tight and looked like everyone was sitting on top of each other. After what seemed like forever, we got out and were greeted by the camp consular for instructions on how to setup our tents and how to protect ourselves from wild animals such as bears. Once we finished putting up our tents, some of the girls started playing hide and seek while the others sat around the camp fire sharing stories and laughing. We will write a custom essay sample on An Unforgettable Camping Experience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on An Unforgettable Camping Experience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on An Unforgettable Camping Experience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After starting our first campfire, I could feel the heat touching my face and the campfire smoke almost perfumed my clothes. We would cook hot dogs hamburgers, fish, corn on a cob, and everyone favorite smores. The students all took turns telling a scary story. Rona and Karin where screaming so loud it could have been heard from miles away. But, Nadia, Tamara and I, just sat quietly waiting for the next story as we knew most of the kids where making them up. Evening came and everyone was getting ready for bed. Just few minutes after we turned off the lanterns, we heard loud shouting and screaming coming from outside our tent. I peeked out of and saw a large black bear. All the students sat quietly in their tents watching the bear open the garbage dumpster and dump it out. Then, the large bear turned to our food containers and tried to open by lifting them over his head then throwing them on the ground causing them to release. Once the bear got all he needed he left without hurting anyone, but destroying most of our food for the week. At the end of the week we waved good-bye to the campgrounds. Keeping the memories of the dazzling lake, great stories by the fire, the sweet smells of campfire food and most important the unwelcomed visitor the large black bear. I realized that knowing how to protect ourselves in the case of a wild animal attack is valuable knowledge that will never be forgetting. Having a ripping feeling of sadness, Id leave with a smile on my face, knowing Id be back next year.

Creditor Rights in Sovereign Debt Markets Essays

Creditor Rights in Sovereign Debt Markets Essays Creditor Rights in Sovereign Debt Markets Essay Creditor Rights in Sovereign Debt Markets Essay Globally, governments are increasingly defaulting on their debt obligations with the most recent example being Argentina, Greece, Russia and a host of East Asian economies. The situation has elicited mixed reactions in international markets and bilateral institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which have proposed aggregate collective action clauses that protect the investors interests (Broner et al. 2013). According to Noy (2008 p.64-78), without creditors, international financial markets cannot exist; therefore, investors must have meaningful ways to recoup back their investments in case of sovereign default. However, information access is considered key towards making informed investment decisions; thus, close cooperation between sovereign borrowers and creditors is critical. During a default, a countrys financial reputation is questionable, and oversight agencies such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Iconic agencies such as Moody rating often raise the red flag when dealing with defaulting nations (Diaz-Cassou and Erce 2011, p.14-18). Such defaulting economies suffer economic consequences, including restrictions on accessing financial markets, trade embargo, and tightening of the fiscal deficit in their home countries. These restrictions are implemented because the sovereign creditors, just like ordinary investors, have their rights in the sovereign debt markets. It is in light of this fact that the paper will focus on creditor rights in the sovereign debt markets, the potential costs of sovereign default for a country and the magnitude of the costs likely to be incurred should a country default its sovereign debt obligations. How Economies default their Sovereign Debts Since the advent of the global financial markets, sovereign debts have been considered the safest investment type due to their risk-free nature coupled with their potential for high returns. However, in 2002, the market was shocked when Argentina announced it was unable to service its bond debt. A decade later, Greece restructured its sovereign debts. These two situations elicited mixed market reactions, raising the question, if the two governments completely defaulted, how could investors recover their invested assets? This is because government-issued bonds are considered risk-free and never accompanied by any form of collateral other than the governments guarantee to service its debt (Manns 2015, p.118-152). During the worlds financial meltdown, major economies were pushed into a deep recession because the countries experienced low growth and huge budget deficits, leading to a sharp rise in debt-GDP ratio. Previously, in such scenarios, countries absorbed their debts by utilizing different approaches. By late 2009, the average spreads were still minimal, and the allocation of sovereign hands in the domestic residents was below 50 percent in emerging economies such as Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (GIIPS) (Ahmed 2016, p.4359; Rogers 2012, p.117-148). The situation deteriorated and economies such as Ireland, Spain, Greece and Argentina reported massive debt deficits than previously anticipated. These events not only slowed down the repayment of the debts, but also affected how different credit instruments were absorbed in the market. The same year, Greece defaulted on its IMF loan repayments, but surprisingly, the same government decided to settle a yen-denominated bond held by private entities fully. The situation was shocking since the IMF is the most authoritative lender and financier of last resort. According to Greeces move, IMF and other multilateral agencies are considered the de facto senior creditors; therefore, raising the question why first settle the yen-dominated debt. However, IMFs senior status as the principal economic lender is not enshrined anywhere legally (Waibel 2014, p.22-41). Creditors Rights in Sovereign Markets Aguilar and Zejan (1985, p.385-395) debated on the relative importance of distressed economies meeting their debt obligations. Key emerging economies such as Argentina, Greece and Bulgaria have underscored the importance of understanding the bargaining positions of their debt-riddled economies. According to Dowell-Jones (2014, p.51-85), the most fundamental question that remains unresolved is What can creditors do to reclaim back their assets if a sovereign nation does not fully ascribe to its debt obligations? Metz and Tudela (2011) continue to argue that sovereignty implies that no single agency globally can seize the assets of a foreign country. This discussion attempts to address the underlying issue using two approaches: Reputation Approach Direct Punishment Reputation Approach This principle works on a very direct premise because countries value the access to the international money market that facilitates smooth consumption in the face of volatile output or fluctuating investment opportunities (Longstaff et al., 2007). Countries are always trusted to issue timely loan repayments, hence do not wish to reprieve their status as good debtors. Considering reputational symmetry, there is no need for the creditors seeking arbitration or political sanctions; rather, investors should understand economies sovereign borrowing limits on external debts since the flow of repayments largely depend on a countrys fundamental computation of consumption spending (Arellano and Bai 2013). Therefore, should creditors extend so much to a country, an elastic limit may be reached whereby the country is unable to retain its debt repayment program. Investors must acknowledge that reputational approach comes with the undeniable feature of analyzing the countrys macroeconomic situati on instead of the murky institutional capacity to participate (Pepino 2015, p.73-95). Punishment Approach It is assumed that foreign creditors have no legal mandate whatsoever to repayment in debtor country courts (Stephanou 2013, p.127-158). However, these are other peoples assets because creditors accord investment rights in sovereign debt contracts, and any controversial government to an individual or government-to-government trade dispute can always be resolved by the international court of justice, affiliated to the IMF and the World Bank (Porte and Heins 2016, p.1-13). Creditors legal rights, if violated in certain cases, may interfere with a countrys business privileges such as imposing embargoes on the free movement of cargo within certain jurisdictions, a scenario that may interfere substantially with a countrys economy. Despite creditors rights, there is also the issue of seniority in the sovereign debt markets, and unlike the corporate debts, there are no legal rules of priority and seniority when it comes to the international debt market (Santiso 2009). Due to the lack of a harmonized standard in relation to a sovereign bankruptcy procedure, no single government can decide which creditor cluster to service their debts and the extent of the payment levels (Dam 2015). Seniority in debt repayments is considered an optional decision, thus not legally enforceable in a court of law. Conclusively, it can be argued that only credit-specific factors propel debt repayment patterns, and a nations economic fundamental cannot be used as a metric illustrating seniority in sovereign debt repayments. For instance, in 2005, Greece defaulted payment to the most senior creditor, the IMF, while serving its junior creditors such as the fund managers and other institutional investors. Factors Driving Sovereign Debt Default One of the key factors prevalent with sovereign default is the accumulation of vast reserves of foreign denominated debts from the market, making the economy unable to make timely payments due to factors such as tight budgets and lack of political goodwill. In such scenarios, sovereign investors find it difficult acquiring support from supranational courts or creditors rights enforcement agencies. According to Wright (2010, p.295315) and Schroeder 2015 p.73-104), when countries default on some of their treasury obligations, it means that the state is no longer willing to handle its debt liabilities or pay up the interest. Signs of sovereign debt defaults begin to emerge when an economy is associated with massive overspending or too much borrowing for approximately 8 to 10 years. However, there are always consequences for the creditors and, in most cases, international negotiations commence, which often end up in partial debt cancellation. Under such an arrangement, partial repayments are remitted while the investor surrenders a huge chunk of the debt. A perfect example is the Argentines economic crisis (1999-2002), whereby creditors unanimously agreed to relinquish 75 percent of the outstanding debt. In certain instances, the creditors may wait for a regime change to recoup their dues. Creditors rights are clearly spelled out in international law, and they not only entail the rights of creditors against the debtor, but also amongst other creditors. In cases where there is a default over several cases, the rules in favor of the creditors rights establish the particular creditor that holds the strongest right towards any particular relief, whether attaching state assets or seeking any other form of compensations if possible. Waibel (2013, p.209251) reiterates that to mitigate against default risks, contemporary economies have responded through issuing bonds in hard currencies via international financial institutions as transaction intermediaries, and as a result, courts have been established in New York, London and Tokyo to deal with cases of aggrieved creditors (Baldacci and Gupta 2011, p.251-263). To curb or control sovereignty credit defaults, the International Capital Market Association (ICMA), an entity legally mandated to oversee the international financial mar ket, has enacted a multilateral legal framework that regulates the sovereign debts restructuring process for the sake of enhancing predictability, stability, and efficiency in the international financial system (Erdem and Varli 2014, p.42-57). Consequences for the Economy If a country defaults its treasury obligations, it simply disposes of its monetary obligations towards creditors. The immediate effect under such a scenario is that the country benefits from an immediate reduction in its debt portfolio and the accompanying interests associated with such debts (Hu, An and Yang 2008). However, the countrys reputation is dented among multilateral creditors and other credit rating agencies (Doug 2014, p.14). This means that the country cannot easily participate in the international financial market because investors perceive the economy as high risk. In a different scenario, foreign lenders may jeopardize the countrys monetary sovereignty. Sovereign defaults also include constrained access to credit not only in international markets, but also domestically since the government of the day has lost its credibility amongst investors. Besides, the domestic financial institutions also hold significant amounts of domestic debts, and if a government defaults, th e situation may degenerate into bank runs and lead into a financial crisis since most investors find it difficult to cope up with broke governments. These effects have consequences to an economys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) because the country is faced with a higher borrowing cost due to its poor credit score (Kolb 2011, p.113). The situation may exacerbate if the creditors are domestic borrowers because the government must always visit financial markets to offset their operational expenses such as paying workers and suppliers. Such a situation may lead to a knock effect on the entire economy and completely paralyze operations (Christodoulakis 2006). Argentinas Case Study Argentina can be used as a perfect case on how a section of an economy may escalate the debt crisis. The country defaulted its sovereign debts in 2002 and the economys fiscal deficit and debt position deteriorated significantly. As a result, the interest rate spread increased dramatically from below 10 percent to almost 50 percentage points by the end of 2001 (Bruno 2009). The Argentine government responded by increasing reliance on local financial institutions, whereby the government debt as a percentage of the banking systems total assets rose from 15 percent in 2000 to 21 percent by the end of 2001 (Wei 2003, p.709-705). In this light, the banking sectors credit risks increased significantly. Besides, the voluntary debt exchanges that increased the maturity of the bonds also increased maturity mismatches on the institutions financial statements. Due to the weakening of the banking system, there were widespread panic withdrawals throughout 2001, whereby deposits fell by 20 percent by the year-end (Fliz 2010, p.52-72; Zutshi 2008). By early 2002, the Treasury confirmed that it was defaulting $18.8 billion of their external debt and concurrently announced it was ditching the currency exchange board regime. These series of events prompted the Peso, Argentines official currency, to fall from 1 peso per US dollar to 3.9 by the end of March 2002. As a result, the country was heavily indebted when the debt is converted into their local currency. The situation impaired the local financial institution systems that provide liquidity and credit to the economy, and the banks credit to the private sector as a proportion of annual GDP reduced by 50 percent from 20.8 percent in 2001 to 10.8 percent by the end of 2003. The scenario led to lessened economic activity, hence increasing the countrys fiscal burden compared to GDP. The banks non-performing loans also increased dramatically when the recession deepened. According to Horn and Fritsche (2012, p.118-126), Argentina had a sovereign debt more than $123.7 billion, which wa s not sustainable even with conservative estimates. Additionally, it is noteworthy that no financial valuation of the countrys export and import growth could deliver the requisite net long-run foreign exchange earnings adequate for servicing the debt, even if the countrys interest levels were to move back to pre-crisis level. The countrys trade deficit expanded and its currency got overvalued, trade liberalization stalled and the exports only comprised of an insignificant share of the countrys economic bedrock (Schaumberg 2014, p.135-154).

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Management - Essay Example uring industry like oil and gasoline, the transfer price becomes major factor for intermediate goods like crude oil which could be bought from its drilling division or from external market (Besanko et al., 2010). The major disadvantage of deciding to make intermediate products is that firms often require more than one intermediate good for their final product and therefore making them could turnout to be very complex with huge investment. Hence, it is not feasible for manufacturing firms to make intermediate goods when they are easily available in the open market. The main advantage of making intermediate goods is that company may not be dependent on the external market and could gain relative cost advantage within the industry if it has the resources available for intermediate goods as well as for the final product. For drilling companies of crude oil, their refinery divisions use their crude from their drilling division to make final products like gasoline. The transfer price in such cases is hugely cost effective. In general, the transfer price becomes a vital factor that dictates buying or making decisions for the intermediate

Explain the phenomenon of organisational commitment and analyse its Essay

Explain the phenomenon of organisational commitment and analyse its alleged relationship with organisational performance - Essay Example The most widely studied outcomes include employee retention, attendance, organizational citizenship, and job performance (Angle and Perry, 1981). Organizational commitment has become one of the major concerns of human resource these days. The enhancement of employees performance is issue for both profit and non-profit organizations. Non-profit organizations usually find it difficult to deal with this issue because of their inability to provide their employees with competitive compensations and benefits (Riveros andTsai,2011). One of the important objectives of an organizations human resource team is to keep employees motivated. It is because employees motivation results in commitment which in turn improves their performance and declines their desire to leave the organization. In order to achieve these results, organizations can devise a positive reward system. The purpose of this reward system is to retain employees. A positive reward system may include financial as well as non-financial rewards but mostly, non-financial rewards are proved effective to retain employees (Riveros and Tsai, 2011). Organizational commitment is a topic which has been studied by several authors. Nevertheless, the most important contribution was made by Modway, Steers and Porter (1979) in the form of Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. In order to fathom the importance of organizational commitment, it is important to clarify the concept (Riveros and Tsai, 2011). According to Colarelli and Bishop (1990), organizational commitment involves commitment to an organization as well as organizational goals. Allen and Meyer also proposed a measurement of organizational commitment in 1990. According to them, there are three components of organizational commitment including affective, continuance, and normative. The affective components include employees emotional attachment and their identification with the organization.

Analysis of mentoring, coaching and counselling

Analysis of mentoring, coaching and counselling This report has been compiled by. This report is intended for., and is written to show them the vast knowledge that we have received as a result of the mentorship program. It analyses the mentoring, coaching and counseling principles. Moreover it contains the mentoring program itself and reflections. The primary purpose of this report was to expand our knowledge base on the business by learning through primary research and self learning. B. METHODOLOGY In order to produce this report, sources of research were used. The primary sources consist of the mock interview and tape recordings while the secondary sources are referenced from the internet and major books. A diverse number of databases were also referred to for the research data required. Book references are listed in the bibliography. C. FINDINGS 1.1 Theory 1.1.1 Definition of the term mentor. The word mentor has many definitions around the world. However, the basic definition is that of a wise and trusted advisor. One who is willing to meet others and pass on information (Pegg, 1999). Thus mentoring can be considered as a process by which information is passed on to future mentees thus developing them into better people. Mentoring is an important aspect of modern culture and is practiced in many institutions and business organizations around the world. It is not only a tool by which to pass on knowledge to that person. Mentoring exists also to form a bond between the mentee and the mentor. Mentoring can be seen to have found its place in todays modern society. Companies have started designing and implementing their own mentorship programs to help facilitate their employees. Institutions have already put in place the mentorship programs to help groom the 1st year students and help them to properly adapt to new environments. In this light mentorship can be seen to be a form of leadership. The mentorship process is important to modern society as it helps young aspiring individuals to grow in the light of people who they look up to. By doing so it helps them to succeed in all their endeavors. 1.1.2 Definition of the term coach, Coaching is a process that enables learning and development to occur thus performance is seen to notably improve. Thus being a coach can be defined as one who primarily helps in the development of performance in a specific skill area. Often, people confuse the two terms, mentor and coach and it is usually seen that the two terms overlap. However coaches are seen to be more of strategists and planners who are essentially team builders. 1.1.3 Definition of the term counselor A counselor is one who is mature, respects other peoples opinions, is willing to listen rather than to talk and uses the insights he gets from the persons emotions and words to give advice. Thus a counselor differs from a mentor in that he/she is rational and more objective. Thus the relationship with whoever is being counseled tends to be more professional than personal. 1.1.4 The difference between mentoring, coaching and counseling Most people confuse the three terms and use them interchangeably. However, it can be clearly seen that the three carry different meanings. Coaching refers to the process that improves on performance by enabling learning and development to occur. Counseling as described above is whereby one is provided professional advice based on the counselors insights. These insights are based on the persons emotional state, words as well as appearance. Mentoring is the process of sharing insights, advice or informational that is useful to the mentee. Mentorship is a process in which the insights are drawn from real life experiences and not random facts. Thus mentorship is seen to be all inclusive. This means that it entails coaching and counseling as well. It includes because it helps the individuals performance in a particular area to improve. It also includes counseling as the individuals free to seek help and advice from the mentor whenever possible 1.2 Role of a mentor The role of a mentor is to enable the mentee to become a better individual in the professional domain as well as their own personal world. By doing, the mentor inadvertently improves himself in the same manner due to insight and personal contact with the mentee. Mentors have various duties. The primary aim of a mentor is to aid the mentee to reach a new level of personal and professional improvement thus the mentee is able to accomplish the tasks laid before him/her. The mentee also has the task of ensuring that the mentees progress is consistent. This is accomplished but the mentor providing additional skills and techniques to aid in ensuring the mentees continued progress. The techniques should be based on real-life encounters s these help the mentee make a solid connection with how his/her mentor used the techniques. Often the question is raised on the qualities that make a good mentor. This is normally raised by people all over the world who do not understand the principles of mentoring. Every individual is different by virtue of their personality. Thus the mentor and the mentee have to adapt to each others personalities in order to achieve proper results. Even though each mentor has different personalities, some notable aspects differentiate between a good mentor and a poor mentor. A good mentor should be capable and well experienced to aid the mentee in any sort of situation. The mentors should be able to encourage the mentees by constantly challenging them. The challenges should not discourage the mentees. Mentors must have a certain level of credibility both personally and professionally. Mentors should be able to encourage their mentees thereby enabling them to express their ideas more confidently. Also the mentor should learn to be versatile especially when engaging and challenging the men tees. 1.3 Role of a mentee A mentees main aim is to expand his knowledge and learn new skills. This is facilitated by the mentorship program whereby the mentee has the opportunity to get advice from someone who has much more experience is an invaluable opportunity. A mentee will find that mentors tend to make things much clearer than they were before. Due to the mentor-mentee relationship, the mentee is able to feel more secure as he knows the mentors is there to genuinely offer him help and is primarily there to help the mentee learn from his mistakes. Thus it can be said that this is grooming of the mentee in order to help him achieve specific goals or tasks. Thus it can be clearly seen that the mentee is learning new skills and gaining experience from the mentor. In general the mentee role is crucial as the mentor himself is able to learn more about his own mistakes from the mentee. Thus, it seems the mentor-mentee relationship is of a symbiotic nature in which each benefit the other. 1.4 Relationship between the Mentor and the Mentee. As mentioned above, the mentor-mentee relationship is a symbiotic relationship which benefits both of the people involved. Thus it is crucial for this relationship to be one where honesty and communication are freely exchanged between those involved. The mentor-mentee relationship is one based on trust and it is crucial that this trust is not compromised in any way by either of the parties. Breaking of this trust could result in the breakdown of the mentorship program and essentially the whole process could be discarded. To ensure this trust is not broken, it is essential that what is discussed between the mentor and the mentees stays purely between those involved in the discussion. Both the mentors and the mentees have to abide by this rule if the mentorship program is to succeed. Communication is also an essential part of the relationship between the mentor and the mentee. Communication aids in the mentee being able to seek advice whenever he requires it from the mentor. It facilitates smooth passage of information and enables the mentor to be able to communicate freely to his/her mentees. The crucial role of communication in the mentorship program cannot be overemphasized. It is vital that communication be highly regarded as it ids through this that the mentor is able to spot weaknesses and guide the mentee to improving on the weaknesses. This way the mentee is able to acknowledge the mentors role and accepts his advice. Thus without proper communication, the mentorship program will be for naught and the mentor will have failed at his task. In some cases there is mutual fallout between the two parties. In most cases, it is due to the lack of communication between the two parties. However, in some unrelated cases, it is noted that the mentorship process was difficult. Sometimes this is attributed to sexism and racism when it comes to the selection of the mentees. In other cases, it is attributed to the fact that the selected mentees are unwilling to learn anything from their mentor. This may be because the mentees do no respect the mentor or his employment position. All in all, the relationship between the mentor and the mentee plays a crucial role in the mentorship process it is essential that trust be maintained throughout the process as well as communication. Honesty as well must be upheld. Moreover, the mentees must be willing to form relationships with the mentors for the process to be successful. 2.0 Mentoring Process 2.1 Pitch Before I went before the students to present my pitch, I was very nervous as this was my first pitch. My content emphasized the strong role mentorship had in my life and the unbreakable bond that I had developed with my mentor. Though my voice was shaky and a bit weak, I felt proud because I had attracted three mentees. Reflecting back, the pitch was a good experience as it pointed out my weaknesses thus helped me grow just a bit more. 2.2 Meetings 2.2.1 Progress The first meeting was an informal face to face meeting so that we could properly get acquainted with each other. At this juncture, I should mention that the mentees were Niklas Kainrad, Alexander Kern and Yashar Berry. We mainly discussed about our pasts, our current selves, our future and what we aimed to achieve. Furthermore, we discussed the project, made detailed notes on what we aimed to achieved, proposed and clarified the time frame for which we were supposed to accomplish the set objectives and also set the times for regularly scheduled meetings. During the meetings, I tried to play the role of a mentor by striving to listen rather than to talk. However the first two meetings I noted that I played the role of a coach more than a mentor. I constantly interrupted asking questions rather than listening. As the meetings passed, I noted that I settled more in to the role of a being a mentor. It was really exciting because as the days passed, the more involved we became with further improving ourselves as individuals. We had the strong desire to grow into better people. The mentees were more involved when asked to reflect on their past and who they dream to be. 2.2.2 Mentees Development a) Niklas Kainrad During the first meting Niklas seemed mild-mannered, mature and confident in himself. When asked to think back on past experiences and say a personally affecting experience, he properly communicated his thoughts and his feelings. This was clearly seen as it affected his other mentees. However, it was noted throughout the meetings that though he was a cooperative team player, he could not be called upon to make critical decisions that the team required. Moreover, he was over-optimistic in some situations and at other times, he seemed preoccupied by his own thoughts especially during discussions. Thus throughout the meetings we aimed at improving his strengths while limiting his weaknesses. Throughout the mentorship, I called upon Niklas to share his opinion especially when he seemed to be wandering off. This proved to be very effective as with time Niklas became less aware of what was keeping him pre-occupied and more involved in the class discussions. Thus Niklas who previously was unable to focus on discussions was now major participator and contributor to them. Based on Niklas self perception details in the counseling report (appendix), t was concluded that due to his high maturity, Niklas was able to convince others to follow him. He was inspiring especially with his unique innovative ability. His cooperation skills likened him to working with colleagues who are genuinely interested in his ideas and opinions and with whom he can communicate effectively. Due to his observable discipline, strategic weighing of decisions and making judgments, it was further concluded that his management style would be more of cooperating with his colleagues in finding the way forward or mapping the way himself. As for his weaknesses, it was noted that though he paid little attention to all the specific details in the operations, this could easily be resolved by him working in harmony with someone who does. Thus his performance is likely to greatly improve. Thus during the mentorship meetings, we worked on the above noted strengths so as to grow Niklas. b) Alexander Kern. During the face to face interview with Alexander, he was sent to take great acre especially when answering questions. He seemed to be mentally weighing the quality of his answer against the questions asked. When asked what he thought of the other mentees opinions of certain issues, he carefully drew upon what the others had said and gave his opinions on the same. His slow but yet very effective method of thinking made him out to be a decisive decision maker. The leadership qualities that he displayed during the meetings showed that he was a strategist taking into account all the details in a particular session. Often during the meetings it was seen that most of the other mentees consulted with Alexander before a decision was made. Thus throughout the meeting one strength that defined him was that he was reliable especially when called upon to quantify decisions. Alexander throughout the duration of the meetings was noted to a key player especially when it came to making critical decisions. His major attribute that was clearly visible was the fact that he was a strategic leader. However, he was not without weaknesses. His leadership qualities made him unsuitable for low key situations. Thus during the meetings he learnt how to keep a low profile when situations call for such action. This helped him to adapt to supportive and subordinate roles when necessary. c) Yashar Berry Yashar Berry struck me with her vocal confidence especially when evaluating her strengths and weaknesses. She did not seem ashamed of her weaknesses but rather showed the strong desire to learn ho to improve on them. Over the past few weeks as we got to know more about each other, she showed real ingenuity when called upon to undertake certain tasks. Though this ingenuity earned her admiration from her other mentees, it was slow in showing. This somewhat affected her confidence in engaging in such crucial tasks. However, as time passed, her confidence in herself and her ingenuity grew. She was generally a great contributor especially when during group discussions. Her attitude to tasks had a preference for that tasks that required innovativeness. Thus she was seen as someone who would be more suited to working in mentally challenging situations. This though largely attributed to her innovativeness was also due her above average qualities in self organization and control. 2.2.3 Methods of improvement On the onset of the process, it was rather difficult to improve on the three different people as each their own individual weaknesses. However after thorough analysis, it became clear that Alexanders weaknesses turned out to be Niklas strengths. Thus the two worked together during the meetings, often correcting each other and pointing out their weaknesses. This turned out to be a very effective method of improving themselves. Yashar Berry had limited weaknesses and these were resolved through group interventions during the meetings. The teamwork tasks greatly improved the individuals capability to work in a team. The meetings were not held on a daily basis. Therefore, as a method for improvement the mentees were required to spend the non-meeting days reflecting personally on themselves and their weaknesses. Particularly, we agreed that the reflection sessions focus would be on how to improve on the weakness that each individual had. The conclusions of the personal reflections were then presented to the group during the meeting sessions. We also developed various strategies that were aimed to bolster their performance during the interviews. Thus through constant analysis and motivation the three were able to help each other grow. 2.3 Evaluation and conclusion Reflecting back on the whole process and its effect on the mentees, it can be concluded that the overall impact it had on them ws massive. All three mentees showed more determination to better themselves both professionally and personally. The serious attitude exhibited by all of the showed the real determination to succeed. They took into account all the mentorship knowledge that they had learned during the duration of the mentorship program and were keen to utilize it in the proper manner. On A more personal case, I, as the mentor, have gained valuable knowledge in identifying the personality characteristics of the different individuals. I have also learnt how to approach these case characteristics each in its own manner and properly help the individual to grow. Therefore, I have gained insight into the proper strategies to be used when evaluating the individual and helping him improve himself. 2.4 Comparison and mock interview. In the next session, the performance of mentees shall be evaluated based on how well they performed in the mock and real interviews. The real interview is thus the true evaluator of the total effectiveness of the process. 2.4.1 Evaluation of Niklas Niklas was very striking in terms of dressing during both of the interviews. His vocal strength was strong and depicted open body language. His answers to the questions that were asked proved satisfying. He showed real confidence in his answers and spoke confidently throughout the interview. However, not both interviews were conducted without mistakes. When faced with questions asking him to explain how he would undertake a particular task, it was noted that he continuously ignored the minor crucial details. His arguments to the questions though satisfying were not without flaws. He generally answered the questions but there was hesitation on his part to divulge greater details especially when he was asked to clarify on given points. He showed great improvement during the real interview. It was clear that he had worked on his mistakes and improved on the weaknesses. His answers were now clearer and he did not hesitate to divulge information when asked to clarify on unclear points. 2.4.2 Evaluation of Alexander Kern Alexanders mock interview showed that he had taken what he had learnt during the mentorship program and properly implemented it to improving his behavior. In terms of his oral language he was able to present strong answers in a very convincing manner. His answers still showed that he had taken great care on consideration of the question. Though the speed of his answers was still very slow, it was clear that he had improved greatly since entering the mentorship program. His calm disposition when faced with many questions displayed his oozing confidence when placed on the spot. During the real interview, it was noted that Alexander had noted his mistakes made during the mock interview and made an effort to correct them. The rate of delivery of his answers was speedy and they still contained as much depth as the mock interview answers. Moreover, it was impressive that he showed he could answer even the most unexpected of questions. 2.4.2 Evaluation of Yashar Berry. Yashar Berry was very impressive at both the interviews. Her limited flaws that she had displayed early were now completely erased. Her smooth manner of talking, the ease with which she answered questions and the ingenuity that she displayed all showed that she had garnered a lot of experience from the mentorship program. 2.5 Summary. As a summary of the real interview, which is the final evaluation of the mentors mentoring skills, it was clear that the mentees had listened carefully to the mentors, taken their advice and implemented it properly. They remembered the basic rules which they displayed in the interview. On terms of performance, it was rather clear that Yashar performed more professionally than the other two. It was thus clear that Yashar had carefully listened to what the mentors had commented on and worked on it thereby improving herself professionally. In the case of Alexander, it was clear that with a little pressure he could be pushed to succeed. He showed his decision-making prowess when called upon. Niklas also exhibited marked improvement especially in his concentration. He paid little attention to his own personal interests and concentrated completely on the interview. 2.6 Reflection on my own personal performance After analyzing the performance of my three mentees, I reflected on my own personal performance and progression. I identified three major things that I would have to change given the opportunity to take part in the mentorship experience again. First, I will have to be more observant of how my mentees present themselves. Niklas was unable to give decisive answers during the mock interview. I, as the mentor, should have noted this and worked on it with him. Secondly, though the mentees showed marked improvement, some still exhibited difficulties when answering the questions. Given the opportunity to take part in the mentorship program once more, I will undertake to simulate real life situations with my mentees so as to avoid this. 2.7 Conclusion. The mentorship program was not only a wonderful experience for the mentees. it proved to be a worthwhile experience for me too. Through sharing and working together to eliminate each others weaknesses, it was shown that the mentees showed marked improvement especially in how they present themselves professionally. Helping others find their own weaknesses as well as my own turned out to be an invaluable experience for me. It also showed that people can truly aim higher if they have a common goal and a person who is willing to mentor them and assist them into achieving that goal. 2.8 Recommendations. The mentorship program in the EBS is truly an invaluable source of knowledge. One gets to learn more about him/her, the opportunity to identify their weakness and to work on improving them. The pitching of the program is also very essential as it gives the mentees a positive feel about the program. With all the above said, I would thus like to recommend that the mentorship program be carried over into the other years. This would enable mentors to keep in touch with their mentees thus the bonds are not broken after the mentorship program is finished.

Conflict and Generosity Within the Grapes of Wrath Essay

When a family becomes a victim to severe debt, attitudes change, the family tends to grow apart, and the members must cope. This was common during the Great Depression in the 1930’s after the collapse of the stock market, and a plethora of families flooded to California in search of a promising future. Home to Tom Joad and his family, the deteriorating economy of the Great Depression depicts the changing attitudes of many families and how they adapted to this difficult time period. The work captures how many families like the Joads have to change to accommodate the financial shortage of the 1930s, and how they grow with this struggle. With that, John Steinbeck constructs The Grapes of Wrath to include a family that is still generous in the midst of many trials and tribulations. The Grapes of Wrath depicts how great struggle is juxtaposed with an immense appetite for wealth, and how this conflict elicits generosity. John Steinbeck grew up around Salinas, California. Even though he was not raised by parents who were poor, he witnessed discrimination upon the many dust bowl migrant workers who came from states that were â€Å"less fortunate† like Oklahoma and Texas. Steinbeck channeled his anger and frustration from observing the heartbreak and struggle during the Great Depression into crafting The Grapes of Wrath. According to Carroll Britch and Cliff Lewis in their article â€Å"Growth of the Family in The Grapes of Wrath,† â€Å"Although it addresses issues of great sociological change, The Grapes of Wrath is at its core about the family and struggle of its members to assert their separate identities without breaking up the family. 1)† He utilized his aggravation for the people to illustrate the drastic changes that occur in the characters over a period of time, such as the way in which the community is altered when financial hardship is imminent. But for Tom Joad and his family, staying together as a whole is one aspect that has not yet been lost in the troubling times. Though the Joad family has had a great deal of troubling experiences, in a way this brings them closer holistically. The way that Steinbeck crafts the family to adapt to the varying conditions like when someone dies, or loses work, llustrates how the family becomes more resilient to variety. The Joads and many families like them must leave behind their felt notions of idealism and work towards an â€Å"I to We† relationship with the others if they are going to survive during this great struggle, especially with the way that nothing financial wise is stable during the depression. For a large percent of the population, the scarcity of funds leads to chaos within families and friends across America. The hedonistic views of the public drive people virtually insane, with car salesmen selling run-down vehicles for outrageous prices, to corrupted citizens stealing from stores who are going out of business. With money no longer an abundant commodity, banks and businesses began to shut down and fail, forcing many hard-working Americans to begin a life on the streets, which is not a welcoming new habitat by any stretch. This relates to the novel in that the Joads were forced out of their farm and had no choice but to flee to California in search of work and a brighter future, which appears to be a promising alternative. Though the trend to fall a victim to the circumstances is growing, there are still some people like Tom Joad and his family who do not seem to fit this statistic yet. When the family reaches the government camp Weedpatch, they to some extent â€Å"forget† about the troubles of the economy. Warren French in his article Chapter 6: From Naturalism to the Drama of Consciousness—The Education of the Heart in the Grapes of Wrath, states that, â€Å"The self- governing arrangement of the camp also makes the Joads feel like decent people again (4). This shows how despite the troubling situation, the Joads can still find remote happiness among a time of desperation. There is an apparent change in attitude once the Joads reach the Weedpatch camp. Warren French writes; â€Å"The easy atmosphere of the government camp, where—as one man observes—â€Å"We’re all a- workin’ together† (448), is in striking contrast to the tense atmosphere at the Hooper Ranch. There the prevailing attitudes are epitomized by a checker’s remark that putting holes in the bottom of buckets â€Å"keeps people from stealing them (4). This suggests that having others to work alongside of eases the tension of being forced to work for almost nothing. The atmosphere seems lighter at the Weedpatch camp due to the migrant workers having others with similar circumstances amongst them. This makes the thought of poverty less menacing because for the migrant workers at the camp, they are beginning to collaborate and become a unit. Another aspect of â€Å"working together† is shown after the miscarriage of Rosasharn’s baby. If the baby was not kin to Pa Joad and the family, he may never have been motivated to build a dike so his family can stay dry. Britch and Lewis quote Steinbeck in their article, â€Å"Well, we ain’t doin nothin’†¦. We can do her if ever’body helps. † Building the dike with Wainwright and the others replenishes Pa Joad’s spirit, and teaches him that there is way more to be achieved with the â€Å"We† attitude. A major turning point in The Grapes of Wrath transpires when Tom murders the man that killed Casy. Though Tom committed a crime, Ma Joad and the family suggest that hiding him from the authorities would be a decent idea. The family pleads for him to stay but quickly realizes he must leave to avoid getting arrested. This occurrence represents the growth of the family unit, the way they care for one of their own even though he is now a criminal shows the drastic change that has developed over the course of the Great Depression. This also depicts how the situation elicits generosity within the family. It is imperative that Tom leaves the family but aside that, Ma Joad and the others beg for Tom to stay. The difficult situation made them realize how quickly they can lose Tom, and with that the desire to help Tom is now apparent. The Joads have gone through a metamorphosis with their attitudes and thoughts towards one another. Due to the series of events the Joads have encountered, they have faced many obstacles and this brings them closer over all. A significant incident like this causes the family unit to become more protective over the other members, even after losing Tom, Noah, and Connie. All of the events that transpired along the course of the novel have affected the overall dynamic of the Joad family either positively or negatively, more so positively. With that, if nothing else, the experience of having to survive amongst one another in a time of great sociological downfall mends the family closer than one would think. The family traveled together, they slept together, and they even worked together. The Joads spent gratuitous amounts time as one unit just in completing those tasks, so even when bonding was not necessarily a part of the agenda, the way in which they became used to each other blossomed rather quickly into a stronger relationship for the family. Generosity amongst the Joad family was more or less noticeable in the beginning of the novel, and became more of a characteristic of the family as the story progressed. The hardships they faced along the way with searching for work subconsciously drew the family closer. The longer the Joads were among one another, and the more trials and tribulations they faced, generosity among the group developed into the norm. This transformed the Joads from the persona of an average family, into an inseparable unit of people who fought for one another.